Cysts and lipomas are common, benign (non-cancerous) lumps that form under the skin. While usually harmless, they can become uncomfortable, noticeable, or occasionally infected, making removal necessary. Cysts are fluid- or keratin-filled sacs that develop beneath the skin. They often appear round and white or yellow, sometimes with a small dark opening called a punctum. Common types include epidermoid cysts, usually found on the face, chest, or shoulders, and pilar cysts, which often develop on the scalp and can run in families. Cysts can become inflamed, red, or painful, resembling a boil, especially if infected. They typically form due to blocked hair follicles or glands, trauma, hormonal changes, or bacterial infections.

While some cysts may resolve on their own, persistent, enlarging, or bothersome cysts often require medical removal to prevent recurrence and improve comfort or appearance.Lipomas are soft, slow-growing lumps made of fatty tissue. They are usually painless, mobile under the skin, and most often appear on the neck, shoulders, back, or arms. Lipomas are generally harmless but can become noticeable or uncomfortable if they grow large or press on surrounding tissues. Like cysts, lipomas are benign, but removal is sometimes sought for comfort or cosmetic reasons.

Both cysts and lipomas can be safely removed through minor surgical procedures under local anaesthetic, which completely excise the lump to reduce the chance of recurrence. Early assessment and removal can help prevent infection, discomfort, and aesthetic concerns, while giving peace of mind that the lump is non-cancerous.